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- WORLD, Page 30THE GERMANYSMarching To Unity
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- Despite Moscow's mixed signals, officials in East and West
- Germany take unification to heart. But for many Germans, a
- single state already exists
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- It was only one sentence, but the words from Mikhail
- Gorbachev last week suddenly gave fresh momentum to German
- unification. Asked about the possibility of the two Germanys
- becoming one, Gorbachev replied, "Basically, no one casts any
- doubt on it." Though the Soviet President cautioned that "it
- is essential to act responsibly and not seek the solution to
- this important issue in the streets," his reluctant blessing
- contrasted sharply with his government's previous
- pronouncements.
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- So sharply, in fact, that within three days the Kremlin
- began to hem and haw. Apparently concerned that Gorbachev's
- words might be interpreted as an explicit push for a single
- German state, Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze told Soviet
- reporters that "it is not the idea of German unity itself but
- the revival of sinister shadows of the past" that raises alarm.
- He proposed that some way be found for the citizens of the
- Soviet Union, Europe, the U.S. and Canada to express their
- opinions on unification.
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- Despite such second thoughts, Gorbachev's earlier words had
- a profound effect on East German Prime Minister Hans Modrow.
- Two days later, Modrow signaled that he too had finally read
- the handwriting on the collapsed Berlin Wall. "Germany should
- once again become the united fatherland of all the citizens of
- the German nation," he said. Modrow unveiled a four-step
- process for the gradual merger of the two Germanys' economies,
- legal systems and governments that closely paralleled the plan
- presented in December by West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl,
- except on one critical point. Modrow unequivocally called for
- a neutral Germany, demanding that both states "detach
- themselves" from their respective military alliances.
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- Kohl welcomed Modrow's proposal, but he dismissed any
- prospect of a West German withdrawal from NATO. Perhaps in an
- attempt to downplay Modrow and his pitch for neutrality, Kohl
- said he will not discuss unification with East Berlin until
- after East Germans go to the polls in mid-March. But
- unification has emerged as the primary campaign issue in both
- East Germany and West Germany, which will hold its national
- elections in December. Already Kohl and his fellow politicians
- are seeking out like-minded brethren on the other side of the
- border, funneling campaign money and building alliances that
- will stand them in good stead if a single Germany emerges.
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- Gorbachev's softened stance on unification surprised the
- Bush Administration, which until now had counted on Moscow's
- disapproval to slow down the unification parade. And it came
- at an awkward time for George Bush, who proposed last week that
- the U.S. reduce its troops in Europe from 305,000 to 225,000.
- As Democratic Senator Albert Gore of Tennessee put it, "If all
- Soviet troops are pulled out of Eastern Europe and East and
- West Germany are unified, then how long are you going to keep
- American troops in Europe?"
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- Although unification may be an idea whose time has come, it
- is still an idea; German officials and their respective allies
- have months, perhaps years, of negotiations ahead. In the
- meantime, ordinary Germans are making unification a de facto
- part of their existence. Despite Gorbachev's warning that the
- issue should not be settled in the streets, it is precisely at
- that level that the momentum is strongest: East German to West
- German, town to town, village to village. To explore how the
- bonds are being forged, a TIME correspondent visited the border
- towns of Posseck and Hof, 75 miles northwest of Nuremberg.
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